Excerpt:
Stable carbon isotope ratio analysis was applied to concentrated extracts of authentic honey-processed pineapple and papaya samples and imported candied samples alleged to have been processed with honey. The 9 imported samples had d-13Cvalues ranging from -11.1 to -15.0 0/00, while pineapple and papaya samples known to be processed with honey had values of -25.0 and -25.2 0/00, respectively. The results show that the imported samples were processed with sugar sirups derived from plants using the Hatch-Slack (C4) photosynthetic cycle, such as sugar cane and corn, rather than with honey.
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